Effective Communication at the Workplace Essay

Correspondence is the trade and stream of data and thoughts starting with one individual then onto the next. There are a wide range of explanations behind why individuals impart, we need correspondence to communicate our requirements and affections for instance a child can't converse with us and mention to us what he/she needs so all things considered he/she would start to cry to tell us that he/she is expected for a feed. Another model would be if an associate was feeling the loss of her breaks in light of the fact that there was a staff lack and she was cross about this, she would then converse with her manager and clarify her purposes behind being cross. Correspondence is significant in a work environment setting since individuals must connect with each other in manners that will take care of business as fast and adequately as could reasonably be expected (eNotes. (2013), study more intelligent). Peruse more: Identify the various reasons individuals communicateâ essay Correspondence is additionally critical to have the option to manufacture new connections, with that being with the staff or kids, if for instance there was a battle in the play area which prompted a portion of the kids dropping out then the staff could mastermind a group building exercises, to enable the kids to become companions once more. Another model would be the point at which the youngsters have quite recently begun school or nursery, the staff could sit all the kids around and get them to state their names promotion one thing they like doing, so the kids know about other people who like to do likewise as them. Correspondence is additionally critical to have the option to give and get data, this could be as straightforward as sending a letter home with a youngster to inform their folks regarding a prospective occasion, similar to a guardians evening or if there was an episode in school that the guardians of the kid would should know off. Or on the other hand to orchestrate after school clubs for kids and the guardians to have the option to security more. Correspondence is additionally significant when we need to share are considerations and thoughts, for instance if in nursery the staff could give the kids a bit of paper to record what they need to accomplish a greater amount of then the staff could make a movement dependent on the children’s thoughts. Another model would be if the staff of a setting needed to include the guardians in after school exercises then they could send home an inquiry to pose to the guardians what they would appreciate doing. Correspondence is additionally significant the have the option to certify each other, Affirmation is an announcement of a beneficial outcome (k.Hoban - 2006) this is a decent kind of correspondence as it likewise helps the child’s improvement. You can utilize assertion to cause somebody to feel better about something they’ve done. For instance a multi month year old infant has quite recently said da,da for the primary the guardians would applaud the youngster by getting them and embracing them and grinning. Another model would be a basic high five if a small kid is accomplishing something right like they have quite recently completed a jigsaw or been to latrine when they expected to go. 1.2 Explain how correspondence influences relationship in the work setting. So as to work viably with kids, youngsters and their families, thus that we can get ready for and address their issues so as to do this we need great relational abilities. Experts who have great relational abilities are probably going to have more grounded associations with kids and their folks. This is on the grounds that connections are affected by the non-verbal communication, outward appearance and manners by which others tune in and converse with you. (Tassoni,2012) Without correspondence in the working environment there would be nothing but bad connections, without connections I the work environment there will be no trust so any connections would separate prompting strife and the staff perhaps leaving a terrible effect on the kids. Likewise people groups characters can influence connections in the work environment in light of the fact that for instance say somebody has an extremely bubbly characters, and another person is very modest then that may be scaring implying that the bashful individual might not have any desire to communicate any thoughts they have, prompting them not being as included as they might want to be. With great relational abilities we will find that individuals will have to a greater degree an uplifting demeanor which will cause others to be increasingly positive around them, making a positive vibe all through the work environment, it can likewise prompt more grounded cooperation which will assemble trust, And then with the youngsters in the event that you show that you give it a second thought, for instance simply tuning in to them talk, at that point the youngster will feel increasingly appended to you meaning they will come to you with any worries.

Vertical And Horizontal Integration In Tourism.

Vertical And Horizontal Integration In Tourism. Even Integration is when two enterprises combine; it is the place one business which offers an item assumes control over another business who offers comparative items. A case of level mix is the First Choice Group and this is on the grounds that they own First Choice Hypermarket just as First Choice Travel Agency. The motivation behind why they are a piece of the even mix is on the grounds that taking a gander at the purchasing chain they are on precisely the same level. Vertical Integration Vertical Integration is the point at which one organization extends its business into a wide range of regions; the organization purchases another comparative association anyway it is on an alternate degree of the chain. A case of vertical coordination is Virgin Trains which is claimed by Virgin Group and furthermore in association with the stagecoach. In the movement business two organizations assume control more than each other so as to discover various approaches to offer their items and administrations to their clients. An away from of the exchange and normality body giving a clarification of their job and how they connect to a visit administrator: ABTA is the UK travel exchange relationship for visit administrators and travel organizations; they have an obligation which is to enable their individuals to develop their business in an economical manner. ABTA has been around for over 60 years and it is basic that clients search for the ABTA logo when booking their days off. The purpose behind this is in such a case that anything was to turn out badly when they are abroad ABTA is there as their security so subsequently they will have the option to sift through the objections. Reasonableness, unwavering quality and mastery is what the ABTA brand rely on and more than 1350 organizations use ABTA. FTO represents the Federation of Tour Operators which guarantees that UK outbound visit administrators are keen on by individuals just as giving about 90% of abroad bundle occasions which are sold in the UK. FTO has gotten progressively mindful of feasible the travel industry and dependable the travel industry that gets changes the earth in all zones which are influencing occasions found abroad taking a gander at the security, cleanliness and wellbeing necessities. AITO represents the Association of Independent Tour Operators who offers an elevated level of consumer loyalty; individuals who are a piece of AITO are on the whole little organizations which are free. They all have some expertise in specific goals and are proprietor overseen. Visit administrators have as of late be engaged with AITO, their job is to compose exercises for various kinds of occasions including; city breaks, culture, extravagance, sports and experience. CAA represents the Civil Aviation Authority who is engaged with the flying police keeping charge everything being equal; they likewise ensure that planes are protected before they take off. They guarantee that all UK common flying norms are accomplished and are liable for four fundamental regions which comprises of; monetary and airspace approach, buyer assurance gathering, guideline and air wellbeing gathering. Clarify each lawful structure and give models: EU bundle travel guidelines is a bundle occasion which must be examined before offering it to clients to check whether it is under the EU law. A bundle occasion incorporates; transport, convenience and outings for instance an excursion to the historical center or a visit direct. The movement guidelines are plainly composed so individuals can comprehend what can't and be estimated as a bundle occasion. Exchange depiction act is another law which expresses that it isn't right to give out bogus data to clients about a specific item or administration. A case of this is a staff working in a movement organization has helped a couple book their wedding trip and has disclosed to them that they will remain at a sea shore lodging so subsequently they stroll down the steps of their room and outside is the way to the sea shore. The couple arrive and doesn't perceive the region and this is on the grounds that there is no sea shore around the region or at the lodging, this is bogus data about offices which was given to the clients by an individual from staff in a movement organization. Shopper security act all identifies with wellbeing and value, it shields all buyers from bogus estimating. This Act has three unique standards to recollect and they are; data must be fundamental and clear when it is given to all customers, providers should all affirm any buys made and if a bundle isn't right and they are not content with the buy buyers subsequently should be provided a period so as to might suspect and alter their perspective on the off chance that it is required. ATOL permit represents the Air Transport Operations License which is a UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) framework which secures all individuals who have purchased a bundle occasion just as departures from a visit administrator. ATOL shields clients from missing out on any cash and offers and furthermore covers convenience and flights being reserved as one. D) A lattice demonstrating outside impacts that could influence Tour Operators with models: Political A case of this is psychological oppression, the Bali bombings on twelfth October 2002 was a fear based oppressor assault which occurred on an Indonesian Island called Kuta. From this assault there were 202 passings and the quantity of individuals that were harmed was 240, everybody in Bali from the encompassing regions where the assault happened shows pictures from the bombings and these have been kept to show others what truly occurred and how it influenced everybody. Visit administrators missed out on some cash as they needed to quit selling bundle occasions and trips to Bali in light of the fear based oppressor assaults, the quantity of guests dropped an immense sum. It diminished from 33,000 individuals to 32,000 and now this year it has expanded to 52,000. Monetary A case of this is fuel costs from the airplanes, on the off chance that this builds, at that point when clients book their vacation tickets this will at that point accordingly increment also. Global Air Transport Association (IATA) refreshes their site sometimes on costs of the fly fuel, costs all differ on where the fuel is purchased for instance the nation and to what extent a flight will take. Visit administrators are permitted to expand their costs just as publicizing new fuel supplements, costs can be balanced once in a while as indicated by charges being made. Clients will have the option to see a breakdown of their flight ticket when booking an occasion indicating the various costs. Social A case of this is religion which has gotten extremely famous on the planet today particularly occasion trips abroad to strict urban communities. The most well known strict excursion is to Lourdes in France, 6,000,000 individuals visit a year to request recuperating either for themselves since they are debilitated or for loved ones who they love. Lourdes is the place supernatural occurrences can occur, guests can reestablish their confidence and wash exposed water where they go in stripped with a towel folded over them however come out totally dry. Strict excursions to a similar nation could influence visit administrators when they book them since they could get exhausted sooner or later reserving to a similar nation for their clients again and again. Anyway some visit administrators may think minimal about strict excursions which can prompt clients being baffled and not return back to that trip specialist to book their days off later on. Mechanical A case of this is web based booking utilizing the web either at home or at work, this spares clients heading off to the shop and booking their vacation. Monitoring cell phones is likewise adequate as there are applications which individuals can download and do everything on there. Registration must be done in any event couple of hours before takeoff just as printing out your ticket if necessary. Visit Operators will gain less cash than expected; this implies there will be less work for trip specialists along these lines they will get exhausted effectively as no clients are entering the store. Staff working at the movement offices will feel it is an exercise in futility learning essential data for the various nations and they will likewise abandon adorning their store and shop windows if everybody has chosen to book their flights and settlement utilizing innovation. Staff may surrender sooner or later and leave their place of employment on the off chance that they believe they are not doing anything for an entire day. Ecological A case of this is the volcanic debris cloud which began from Iceland and gradually extended across Europe in 2010. English Airways dropped throughout the entire their Haul and Short Haul flights, Ryanair which is a spending aircraft dropped each and every trip of theirs to and from the UK and Thomson Airways likewise dropped each and every flight. Out of 22,000 flights just 5,000 flights were running when the volcanic debris cloud showed up, in result clients were required to ring their aircraft before takeoff time to check if their flight was all the while proceeding. Flights which could no longer proceed as typical and part of a bundle bargain, it was then the visit administrators assignment to take care of each and every expense anyway just on the off chance that it is ensured via Air Transport Operations License ATOL. This job can influence all visit administrators since they will get various grievances and calls from clients each and every moment, this gives them a high duty ins ide the job and a great deal of persistence. This is difficult work for them to control without anyone else in light of the fact that only one out of every odd client is patient and pleasant so the explanation it can influence staff from trip specialists since they can likewise fall into difficulty in the event that they answer back and act extremely inconsiderate and insubordinate towards their clients. E) A factsheet demonstrating the difficulties to a visit administrator: Capable TOURISM: First Choice offers a green leaflet which incorporates inns that has been given a Travelife Award for their duty of the earth. First Choice staffs are altogether ready to download this leaflet from the site to show clients when they enter the store and book an occasion with them since certain individuals are keen on caring for various conditions. There are an assortment of decisions taking a gander at supportability for explorers; activiti

Freuds Theories of Life and Death Instincts

Freud's Theories of Life and Death Instincts History and Biographies Print Freuds Theories of Life and Death Instincts By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on June 27, 2019 More in Psychology History and Biographies Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming Sigmund Freud’s theory of drives evolved throughout the course of his life and work. He initially described a class of drives known as the life instincts and believed that these drives were responsible for much of our behavior. Eventually, he came to believe that life instincts alone could not explain all human behavior. With the publication of his book  Beyond the Pleasure Principal in 1920, Freud concluded that all instincts fall into one of two major classes: life instincts or death instincts. Illustration by JR Bee, Verywell Life Instincts (Eros) Sometimes referred to as sexual instincts, the life instincts are those which deal with basic survival, pleasure, and reproduction. These instincts are essential for sustaining the life of the individual as well as the continuation of the species.?? While we tend to think of life instincts in term of sexual procreation, these drives also include such things as thirst, hunger, and pain avoidance. The energy created by the life instincts is known as libido. In his early psychoanalytic theory, Freud proposed that Eros was opposed by  forces of the ego (the  organized, realistic part of a persons psyche which mediates between desires). In this later views, he maintained that life instincts were opposed by the self-destructive death instincts, known as Thanatos. Behaviors commonly associated with life instincts include love, cooperation, and other ?prosocial actions.? The life instincts are focused on the preservation of life, both of the individual and of the species. This drive compels people to engage in actions that sustain their own lives, such as looking after their health and safety. It also exerts itself through sexual drives, motivating people to create and nurture new life.   Positive emotions such as love, affection, prosocial actions, and social cooperation are also associated with the life instincts. These behaviors support both individual well-being and the harmonious existence of a cooperative and healthy society. Death Instincts (Thanatos) The concept of the death instincts was initially described in Beyond the Pleasure Principle, in which Freud proposed that “the goal of all life is death.”  Freud believed that people typically channel their death instincts outwards.?? Aggression, for example, arises from the death instincts. Sometimes these instincts towards destruction can be directed inwards, however, which can result in self-harm or suicide. In support of his theory, Freud noted that people who experience a traumatic event would often reenact that experience. From this, he concluded that people hold an unconscious desire to die but that the life instincts largely temper this wish. Freud based his theory on a number of key experiences: In working with soldiers after World War I, Freud observed that his  subjects often re-enacted their battle experiences and noted that dreams occurring in traumatic have the characteristic of repeatedly bringing the patient back into the situation of his accident.Freud noted similar behavior in his 18-month-old grandson, Ernest, who played a game called Fort/Da whenever his mother was away. To deal with his anxiety, the toddler would toss out a spool tied to a string in his cot and say fort (meaning away) whenever the spool disappeared  and say da (or here) whenever he reeled it in. Freud wondered  how repetition of this distressing experience as a game fit in with the pleasure principle?Finally, in his own patients, Freud noted that many who had repressed traumatic experiences had the tendency to repeat  the repressed material as a contemporary experience rather than remembering it as something belonging to the past. In Freud’s view, the compulsion to repeat was something that would seem more primitive, more elementary, more instinctual than the pleasure principle which it overrides. He further proposed that the death instincts were an extension of that compulsion wherein all living organisms have an instinctive pressure toward death which stands in stark contrast to the instinct to survive, procreate, and satisfy desires. Moreover, when this energy is directed outward toward others, Freud maintained, it is expressed as aggression and violence. A Word From Verywell While Freuds theories are not as prominent as they once were, understanding how your own self-preservation and destructive tendencies influence your behavior can be helpful for your well-being. The life instincts might compel you to seek healthy relationships and social support, which are essential for emotional health. Destructive tendencies, on the other hand, might lead you to engage in actions that are less healthy, such as behaving aggressively or engaging in risky actions. Once you are able to recognize some of these tendencies in yourself, you might be better able to temper these drives and replace negative behaviors with more positive choices.

Lewis Acid-Base Reaction Definition and Examples

A Lewis acid-base reaction is a chemical reaction that forms at least one covalent bond between an electron pair donor (Lewis base) and an electron pair acceptor (Lewis acid). The general form of a Lewis acid-base reaction is: A B- → A-B where A is an electron acceptor or Lewis acid, B- is an electron donor or Lewis base, and A-B is a coordinate covalent compound. Significance of Lewis Acid-Base Reactions Most of the time, chemists apply the  Brà ¸nsted  acid-base  theory (Brà ¸nsted-Lowry) in which acids act as proton donors and bases are proton acceptors. While this works well for many chemical reactions, it doesnt always work, particularly when applied to reactions involving gases and solids. The Lewis theory focuses on electrons rather than proton transfer, allowing for prediction of many more acid-base reactions. Example Lewis Acid-Base Reaction While  Brà ¸nsted theory cannot explain the formation of complex ions with a central metal ion, Lewis acid-base theory sees the metal as the Lewis Acid and the ligand of the coordination compound as a Lewis Base. Al3 6H2O â‡Å' [Al(H2O)6]3 The aluminum metal ion has an unfilled valence shell, so it acts as an electron acceptor or Lewis acid. Water has lone pair electrons, so it can donate electrons to serve as the anion or Lewis base.

The United States And Foreign Policy - 1633 Words

The United States has always had an erratic view towards foreign policy. At its conception, it leaned isolationist for about a century leading up to the First World War before opening up to the global stage. In the interwar period, the United States retreated somewhat back into isolation but continued to support Europe and Latin America. After World War 2, America was left to assume the role as the global hegemonic power, both willingly and unwillingly. Unique circumstances such as the destruction of most developed economies allowed the United States to exploit the situation to create a world order with several differences from that of its predecessor, Great Britain. This new world order allowed the U.S. to focus on two specific thoughts on their foreign policy, Wilsonianism and Jeffersonianism, as it saw fit. In the years that followed World War 2, the United States original desire to create global institutions to lessen the burden that Washington had to bear changed significantly. It evolved into the United States leading in most global affairs, creating a new form of liberal world order in which a leading state creates international rules and institutions with the purpose of providing public services while at the same time adhering to said rules and institutions. G. John Ikenberry referred to it as a liberal-constitutional order. While similarities exist between this order and the other three that Ikenberry refers to, there are stark contrasts that make the American orderShow MoreRelatedForeign Policy, Reformed, And The United States1437 Words   |  6 PagesStefan Danilov Pol S 321 B Professor Robin Datta Response Paper 1, Prompt 1 October 18, 2015 Foreign Policy, Reformed Looking back at the history of the United States, we find ourselves in the midst of a revelation. The country of grandiose influence and excessive wealth, that we have come to know during our lifetimes, actually had quite humble beginnings. At a time when most of us are used to having most countries come to the US to inquire for help and assistance, we may not be all too aware thatRead MoreThe United States Foreign Policy1667 Words   |  7 PagesAs Kelly Anderson’s Foreign Policy Analyst, the following memo will address three areas of the United States’ foreign policy. The U.S. has gone through may transition when it comes to its foreign policy. The United States has been an isolationist, neutralist, and internationalist country from the year it was founded to now. The executive branch and the president apply their power to influence and change the nation’s foreign policy. There are specific departments within the Executive Office of theRead MoreThe United Sta tes Foreign Policy Essay1470 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States foreign policy is an interaction between the United States and foreign nations. 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The global reach of the United States is backed by a $14.3 trillion dollar economy, roughly a quarter of worldwide GDP, and a protection spending plan of $711Read MoreThe United States And Foreign Policies870 Words   |  4 PagesDurning 1913 and 1916 Woodrow Wilsons domestic and foreign policies weren t both equally successful but both were successful. AlthoughWilson had primarily been elected to reform national politics and initiate new progressive policies in Washington, he spent the majority of his time as President dealing with foreign policy rather than domestic. Wilson s predecessors, including McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, and Taft, had v iewed the United States as an emerging power that needed to extend its influenceRead MoreThe United States And Foreign Policy Essay982 Words   |  4 Pagesthe rest of the world, and its foreign policy reflected these ideas and beliefs. The United States was on its way to becoming a world power and advancing its own interest in the world, especially in the North and South America. Isolationism caused the United States to avoid being involved in other countries politics and for the U.S. to remain neutral in foreign policy Americans in the 19th century were more interested in domestic events than the affairs of foreign countries. Economic growth andRead MoreThe United States And Foreign Policy Essay4400 Words   |  18 PagesIn contemporary, international society the United States is at the forefront of global affairs. Moreover, scholars have argued that after the First World War, American hegemony led a path for a liberalized world, where cooperation and harmonious institutions unit the world. However, the United States historically has never been this type of hegemonic leader. 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This view emanates from all the conflicts going in the Middle East that have the potential to threaten numerous strategic interests for the united Stated such as oil, terrorist, and Israel. Yet Middle East has never seen as problematic as it is now due to the excessive flux of problems the MiddleRead MoreThe United States And Foreign Policy1786 Words   |  8 Pagesthe United States showed little interest in foreign affairs. The U.S. relied on previous foreign policies which resulted in inconsistent international trade in the years leading up to the twentieth century. However, following the rise of the industrial revolution in the United States American business began to recognize the vast potential of the international market place. The U.S. sought out to expand its territory globally to increase trade and protect its assets more effectively. The United States

Cause and Effect- Steroids Free Essays

Cause and Effect Analysis 1 A Cause and Effect Metacognative Analysis Bryan J. Critical Reading and Thinking, Section 409 March 11, 2010 Cause and Effect Analysis 2 Casual Metacognitive Analysis Introduction I am focusing on the cause and effect genre in this paper to inform the reader about steroids and how they have become a common phenomenon among athletes. What some people may not know are the negative effects steroids have on a person’s intellectual/spiritual, social-emotion, and physical appearance. We will write a custom essay sample on Cause and Effect- Steroids or any similar topic only for you Order Now For instance, a person on steroids may have an effected social- emotional relationship with others due to the increase in testosterone, causing many users to lash out with violence and rage, a term that has been coined â€Å"roid rage. † My purpose in writing this essay is to shed light on the negative effects of steroids. By using cause and effect you will be able to determine the cause, which is steroids, and the many different effects they have. This is an important tool to really show just how a substance like anabolic steroids can affect someone. It is also important for my field of study, exercise science, to teach people about the negative side effects. Cause and effect analysis has taught me how to become a better reader, and writer, by showing me exactly how to analyze what I’m reading, and have it sink it, rather than go in one ear and out the other. The use of cause and effect in this essay will give the reader a more in depth perspective of the effects steroids have on the human body. Audit Awaareness For this essay I chose two articles to compare and contrast. The first article I chose was â€Å"Performance enhancement is not the only effect of androgenic-anabolic steroids in athletes. † The first article by ADIS International Limited did an excellent job giving us an in depth look on the ins and outs of steroid use. The second article I chose was titled â€Å"High-Dose Anabolic Cause and Effect Analysis 3 Steroids in Strength Athletes: Effects upon Hostility and Aggression†, written by P. Y. L. Choi, A. C. Parrott, and D. Cowan. This article is an account of tests that P. Y. L. Choi et al. onstructed while testing the effects that steroid use has on strength athletes. It used a control group, that contained non users, and a group of three subjects on steroids. Both articles spoke of the negative side effects that steroids have, and described their uses. The second article, however, had more detail and provided real life examples of how far steroids could affect someone, negatively. FOR INSTANCE†¦While evaluating both ar ticles I noticed that the evidence provided was relevant to the claim each was trying to make, that steroids generally provide more negative effects than good ones. The second article provided graphs to show the different levels of aggression and hostility in the subjects being tested, and the first article did not. Both articles had contradictions that could sway a reader away from believing that steroids were a negative alternative to supplementing. In the second article P. Y. L Choi et al. discuss how their study could be weak, â€Å"It was ‘open’ rather than ‘blind’. Drug conditions varied widely between subjects. † Over all, each article provided substantial evidence leading a reader to believe steroid use provides more negative effects than positive. I believe the authors in article one and two had the purpose of showing how steroids work, and to show how using them could lead to serious health risks and emotional instabilities, which could damage relationships you have with others. Nature of Casual Argument There was one cause for this subject: steroids. However, it had multiple effects, such as performance enhancement, and the bad side effects including increased aggression, hostility, decreased sex drive, weight gain, infertility, cardiovascular risks, and interfered with personal Cause and Effect Analysis 4 elationships. The author for this article used a chart that gave a description of how steroids affected both male and females. In males it had acne, increased facial and body hair, increased aggressive behavior, increased appetite, and balding. In females it reduced breast size, menstrual irregularities, deepening of the voice, and enlarging the clitoris. While stating the negative side effects this article also included l egitimate purposes for using steroids. Steroids can treat growth retardation, breast carcinoma, osteoporosis, edema, and anemia. What this article is trying to state, however, is that when used improperly, such as using more than the recommended dose, generally for enhancement purposes, the effects can be negative. Informative Article Summary The article comes from a textbook entitled â€Å"Drugs Therapy Perspective,† the title of the article is â€Å"Performance enhancement is not the only effect of androgenic-anabolic steroids in athletes. † The article talks about effects other than just performance enhancement when using steroids. The author’s opinion appears to be that steroids are not the way to go for enhancing performance athletically. This article first talks about how steroids work. Anabolic steroids are understood and almost guaranteed in all cases to create a deepened voice, increasing the user’s power, and creating more hair on your body. There are two different ways steroids can be used: through necessary doctor prescribed means, or by personal use, normally involving higher doses of the drug. While steroids can be beneficial in treating certain conditions dealing with its therapeutic use, it can also be used in frowned upon ways such as increased doses for personal use, in hopes of seeing results whether it is in competition or for muscle mass. Some of the main, and most common side effects steroids have, are an increase in the user’s weight, power gains, Cause and Effect Analysis 5 and problems with their physical and emotional well being. While stating that it does make some people stronger, it gives information from studies to show that anabolic steroids provide no long term energy. Most athletes have adverse effects when abusing steroids. Steroid abuse can also lead to infertility, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, heart attacks, heart failure, and even mortality. Towards the end of the article it talks about the effects that a person’s mental state goes through, such as increased rage, and lack of patience or short fuse. It ends off by including more effects to the many we now know, by adding in that if taken during your adolescent stages, your growth plates close up and your growth may be stunted Authorial Purpose The author’s main point in writing this essay is to inform his audience which may consist of athletes, any people currently on steroids, or even people just thinking about them. This gives detailed accounts of effects that steroids have, and the adverse side effects. The article responds to any arguments that the readers may have by suggesting positive steroid use, and goes on to say that when abusing them, just like any other drug, you would more often than not receive adverse effects from anabolic steroids. Read Like a Writer When stating the positive uses for steroids, such as therapeutic reasons, it provides an answer for anyone who has an argument for steroids. It reaches common ground with the readers by providing several different side effects rather than just one. For instance, in (para. 7) â€Å"The abuse of AASs in healthy young athletes has been associated with serious cardiovascular events (e. g. cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, QT dispersion†¦acute heart failure and sudden cardiac Cause and Effect Analysis 6 death. † The cause and effect argument is made by informing the reader of the many dangerous side effects that relates to steroid abuse, as seen in the previous sentence. The author incorporates counter arguing by information relevant to both males and females, rather than just one sex. By doing this he has now expanded his argument to a more vast audience. The author is not one-hundred percent against steroids, just the abuse of them, and it is not biased in doing so. This provides for a well written article, and one that anyone could read and leave being well informed of the adverse side effects of steroids, and not have much of an argument for them. Before reading this article I was not aware of over half of the effects steroids have on the human body and thought taking them in the offseason for baseball wouldn’t be such a bad idea. After reading this article and making a cause and effect essay on it, I was really able to clearly see that the side effects outweigh any achievable goal in which one may meet. Information Literacy The author for this article is unknown, but it comes from an accredited journal titled â€Å"Drugs Therapy Perspective† and was written in 2005. It is a rather recent article, and provides accurate information on the use, and abuse of steroids. It provides information from different studies, and self-reports to show the adverse effects of steroid abuse. In (para. 4) The author goes into the legitimate therapeutic reasons one may consider in taking steroids â€Å"AASs have a number of legitimate therapeutic uses including the treatment of male hypogonadism and growth retardation†¦. and some forms of anemia. † The author’s objective is not only having one side on steroids, but showing the positive with the negative. They presents the subject in a way that anyone could read and understand just what would happen if they were to abuse steroids. Cause and Effect Analysis 7 Professional Scenario After reading this article I am now able to apply the knowledge I’ve learned to my career. I am planning on going into the field of exercise science, and wish to train athletes. I will never suggest to anyone I’m training to abuse steroids, but rather avoid them entirely, and to enhance their performance naturally through over the counter vitamins, plenty of exercise, and eating healthy. There is no need to take steroids unless you want the easy way out. The negative side effects of them outweigh, in my opinion, the positive effects. While they may increase some performance, and make your muscles larger, they can affect you for the rest of your life by making you infertile, aggressive, or may end your life permanently. Also, I am an athlete myself, I play baseball, and I’ve seen so many athletes succumb to steroids, and end up losing their career over it. Every year dozens of MLB players are found to be on steroids, and are suspended, and their reputation and records ruined forever. You lose all respect, and dignity, when the fact that you’re using steroids to comes into the light. They may make you faster, or hit a ball harder, but when someone finds out those monster homeruns were boosted by being chemically induced, instead of a natural gift, or a result from being the best you can be, you basically lose the joy of every homerun you’ve ever hit, or base you’ve ever stolen. Conclusion The author does a great job in providing sufficient details in this cause and effect analysis. The author touched on a lot of the physical and emotional problems you will run into when dealing with abusing steroids. It becomes clear to me at the end of reading this that steroids are not up to par on the risk to reward plain. His use of steroids as his cause provides for a Cause and Effect Analysis 8 multiple effect pattern. I am now fully aware of what really happens to your body when you mess with this type of drug. Having knowledge on this topic will benefit me in my major because I am now able to preach to young athletes the dangers, and can now make some safer alternatives to performance enhancement. I am a better reader because of the cause and effect genre. Thanks to cause and effect I am now able to see all points the author is trying to make in his argument and better understand the effects of any cause someone may write about. Cause and Effect Analysis 9 References ADIS International Limited. (2005). Drug reactions and interactions. Performance enhancement is not the only effect of androgenic-anabolic steroids in athletes. Drugs ther perspect 2005; Vol. 21, No. 8 Choi, P. Y. L; Parrott, A. C. ; and Cowan, D. (1990) High-Dose Anabolic Steroids in Strength Athletes: Effects upon Hostility and Aggression. Human Psychopharmacology 1990; Vol. 5, pages (349-356). How to cite Cause and Effect- Steroids, Papers

Social Networking Foundation and Age

Question: Discuss about theSocial Networking for Foundation and Age. Answer: Introduction Social media plays a pivotal role in everyday life for most of the person in the present world. According to the market survey it can be observed that, the movement from novel to typical in business is went down by the overview comes about 90% of organizations now utilize online networking for business purposes. The close universal utilization of online networking for business has prompted a developing valuation for work environment dangers emerging out of its abuse the more that individuals use social networking for business purposes, the more prominent the odds that the scarcely discernible difference between individual use and business use will obscure. There has been a checked increment in the quantity of organizations that have executed online networking approaches. What's more, numerous organizations have acquainted measures with location the particular dangers emerging out of online networking abuse by their workers, for example, tormenting and provocation, abuse of private d ata and the making of deriding remarks about organizations and partners. All of which can bring about huge reputational harm with a tap of a support, numerous years of cautious and costly marking and showcasing can be undermined. Main Body Analysis Social networking services (SNS) are progressively prominent amongst Australian youngsters paying little heed to topographical area, foundation and age. They incorporate administrations, for example, Facebook.com, MySpace.com and Bebo.com which have numerous a huge numbers of individuals each. It likewise incorporates administrations, for example, Elftown.com (for aficionados of imagination and sci-fi) and Ravelry.com (for devotees of weaving!) with little quantities of individuals, frequently associated by a particular normal interest Online networking is by and large used to depict cooperative media creation and sharing on a genuinely vast scale (that can incorporate SNS additionally other participatory media exercises, for example, news websites) however can be stretched out to incorporate littler client produced content systems or small scale groups (i.e. the 'little media' part of the present media environment), and things that occasionally fall outside SNS, for example, online journals, podcasts, wikis, amusement modding (Rosenblum, 2007). Besides, numerous administrations made for media sharing (e.g. Flickr for photograph sharing, Last.FM for music listening propensities and YouTube for video sharing) have joined profile and systems administration highlights and might be considered as a feature of this more extensive conceptualisation of SNS themselves. Without a doubt, SNS in a Web 2.0 environment have changed procedures of correspondence and social connection especially with the expanding incorporation of online networking usefulness to these administrations. The quick uptake of both online networking and SNS rehearses by youngsters implies a vital movement in youthful people'sà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ utilization of the net fundamentally for data and amusement to one of correspondence. Youngsters are expending, delivering, sharing and remixing media. Within the workplace to maintain effective business programme most of the organisation utilizes their social media sites and pages as an effective communication media. To keep information sharing with the other, employee engagement and for effective communication within the organisation the Human Resource Management team offers social media involvement within the workplace. One specific way managers can utilize online networking as a channel for representative voice and corporate interchanges is to get to the base of aggregate livelihood issues. By connecting with their workforces in open, two-way (or multi-directional) discourse, they can exhibit they are being sensible and fortify the association with their workforces. Workers frequently discover online networking stages connecting with in light of the fact that they are intuitive, fair and quick. It is subsequently a perfect channel for worker voice, regularly demonstrating significantly more well-known than conventional strategies for empowering voice, for example, running representative reviews. Online networking by and large is an open, digressive and dynamic channel that draws workers into talks about their associations, and gated undertaking interpersonal organizations give a sheltered spot to such online discussions. Online networking can encourage specially appointed correspondences and joint effort, and continuous activities, for example, worker representation structures (Boyd Ellison, 2012). Having a superior arranged association lies at the center of most employments of big business informal communities, but on the other hand is of natural worth in itself, as it can enhance representatives' working lives and fortify their relationship with the association. Having individual posts and in addition expert is frequently seen to add to this. By allowing and urging staff to draw in with clients through online networking, bosses can bridle the dedication of these common promoters. Such collaboration can likewise fortify the pride workers have in their associations and add to their satisfaction in their employment. For a case, Marks and Spencer utilizes around 70,000 individuals in the UK, where the organization has more than 700 shops. Over late years, the association's way of life has turned out to be more open and communitarian, and its administration more degenerated. Yammer, utilized nearby a more intuitive intranet, is a key apparatus in this continuous expedition to make a more positive workplace and become the finest out of representatives. Online networking sites can incomprehensibly expand the pool from which bosses can enlist and make the way toward procuring more productive. This is prone to be of specific advantage in quick paced work markets. For a case, Cape UK supplies administrations to the vitality segment, including platform, warm protection and rope access. Enrollment is an especially noteworthy element in Cape's operations: it dramatically increases the extent of its workforce over the late spring months and frequently needs to enlist at short notice. Utilizing Facebook as a useful social media tool the organization has changed Cape's procuring procedure and has been utilized to help worker relations. In this present moment social media has been playing a key role in the business process. At this present moment each and every business organization uses social media for executing different types of business functionalities. According to the researchers; this has been a useful tool for negotiating with staffs or clients in the business context. Researchers and business observers have stated that social networking is the process which has changed the conventional way of making business. Many young people are working in the organizations and they have different attitude and nature in the business process. They have different perceptions over the organizational activities and procedures. Normally they are aggressive and these capabilities are far vaster than the existing experienced people. According to the Australian legislation, some guidelines must have to be maintained by the management or youth in the company at the time of using social media. Privacy issue is the biggest issue in any kind of business organization. Multiple threats can be generated at the time of using social media for the business process. It has been observed through analysis that various business issues are occurred due to the poor privacy management of an organization (Livingstone, 2008). Though multiple technological advancements have been raised, but still lots of drawbacks are also attached. Management of any organization must have to focus on these elements for ensuring the organizational performance. Employees of an organization could share their views through social media. At past employees couldnt be able to share their views and ideologies, but now employees could be able to share their views and ideas through different social media. Through this process people could be able to enhance their knowledge and concepts. This is an ideal way to enhance the skills of the staffs. On the other hand employers also need to focus on this issue by maintaini ng law and guidelines. Employers can motivate staffs and provide them guideline through social media. Online networking assumes a vital part in regular day to day existence for the vast majority of the individual in the present world (Wink, 2010). As indicated by the business sector study it can be watched that, the development from novel to normal in business is went around the outline comes to fruition 90% of associations now use internet organizing for business purposes. The nearby all inclusive use of internet systems administration for business has provoked a creating valuation for workplace threats developing out of its misuse the more that people use person to person communication for business purposes, the more noticeable the chances that the hardly recognizable contrast between individual use and business use will cloud. There has been a checked addition in the amount of associations that have executed web organizing approaches. Besides, associations have familiar measures with area the specific threats developing out of internet systems administration misuse by their speci alists, for instance, tormenting and incitement, misuse of private information and the making of criticizing comments about associations and accomplices. All of which can achieve immense reputational hurt with a tap of a backing, various years of wary and unreasonable stamping and showcasing can be undermined. One particular way administrators can use internet organizing as a channel for agent voice and corporate exchanges is to get to the base of total employment issues. By interfacing with their workforces in open, two-way (or multi-directional) talk, they can display they are being sensible and sustain the relationship with their workforces. Specialists every now and again find web organizing stages interfacing with in light of the way that they are instinctive, reasonable and fast. It is thusly a flawless channel for specialist voice, routinely showing altogether more outstanding than traditional methodologies for engaging voice, for instance, running agent surveys. Internet organizing all around is an open, digressive and dynamic channel that draws specialists into discusses their affiliations, and gated undertaking interpersonal associations give a protected spot to such online talks. Internet systems administration can support uncommonly designated correspondences and joint exertion , and ceaseless exercises, for instance, laborer representation structures. Having a prevalent organized affiliation lies at the focal point of most vocations of enormous business casual groups, yet then again is of characteristic worth in itself, as it can improve agents' working lives and invigorate their association with the affiliation. Having singular posts and also master is much of the time seen to add to this. Conclusion Security issue is the greatest issue in any sort of business association. Various dangers can be created at the season of utilizing online networking for the business procedure (Miller, 2012). It has been seen through examination that different business issues are happened because of the poor security administration of an association. In spite of the fact that different innovative progressions have been raised, yet at the same time bunches of downsides are likewise appended. Administration of any association must need to concentrate on these components for guaranteeing the authoritative execution. Workers of an association could share their perspectives through online networking. At past workers couldn't have the capacity to share their perspectives and belief systems, yet now representatives might share their perspectives and thoughts through various online networking. Through this procedure individuals might upgrade their insight and ideas. This is a perfect approach to improve the aptitudes of the staffs. Then again businesses additionally need to concentrate on this issue by keeping up law and rules. Businesses can rouse staffs and give them rule through online networking. Reference Wink, D. M. (2010). Social networking sites.Nurse Educator,35(2), 49-51. Miller, D. (2012). Social networking sites.Digital anthropology, 156-161. Dwyer, C., Hiltz, S., Passerini, K. (2007). Trust and privacy concern within social networking sites: A comparison of Facebook and MySpace.AMCIS 2007 proceedings, 339. Livingstone, S. (2008). Taking risky opportunities in youthful content creation: teenagers' use of social networking sites for intimacy, privacy and self-expression.New media society,10(3), 393-411. Lenhart, A., Madden, M. (2007).Social networking websites and teens: An overview(pp. 1-7). Pew/Internet. Roblyer, M. D., McDaniel, M., Webb, M., Herman, J., Witty, J. V. (2010). Findings on Facebook in higher education: A comparison of college faculty and student uses and perceptions of social networking sites.The Internet and higher education,13(3), 134-140. Subrahmanyam, K., Reich, S. M., Waechter, N., Espinoza, G. (2008). Online and offline social networks: Use of social networking sites by emerging adults.Journal of applied developmental psychology,29(6), 420-433. Papacharissi, Z. (Ed.). (2010).A networked self: Identity, community, and culture on social network sites. Routledge. Lin, K. Y., Lu, H. P. (2011). Why people use social networking sites: An empirical study integrating network externalities and motivation theory.Computers in Human Behavior,27(3), 1152-1161. Chu, S. C., Kim, Y. (2011). Determinants of consumer engagement in electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) in social networking sites.International journal of Advertising,30(1), 47-75. Abhyankar, A. (2011). Social Networking Sites.College Research Journal, 18-21. Hampton, K., Goulet, L. S., Rainie, L., Purcell, K. (2011). Social networking sites and our lives.Retrieved July 12, 2011 from. Rosenblum, D. (2007). What anyone can know: The privacy risks of social networking sites.IEEE Security and Privacy,5(3), 40-49. Zhang, W., Johnson, T. J., Seltzer, T., Bichard, S. L. (2009). The revolution will be networked: The influence of social networking sites on political attitudes and behavior.Social Science Computer Review. Gangadharbatla, H. (2008). Facebook me: Collective self-esteem, need to belong, and internet self-efficacy as predictors of the iGenerations attitudes toward social networking sites.Journal of interactive advertising,8(2), 5-15. Wilson, K., Fornasier, S., White, K. M. (2010). Psychological predictors of young adults' use of social networking sites.Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking,13(2), 173-177. Krmer, N. C., Winter, S. (2008). Impression management 2.0: The relationship of self-esteem, extraversion, self-efficacy, and self-presentation within social networking sites.Journal of Media Psychology,20(3), 106-116. Chen, J., Geyer, W., Dugan, C., Muller, M., Guy, I. (2009, April). Make new friends, but keep the old: recommending people on social networking sites. InProceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(pp. 201-210). ACM. Boyd, D. M., Ellison, N. B. (2012). Social network sites.Online Communication and Collaboration: A Reader. Livingstone, S., Brake, D. R. (2010). On the rapid rise of social networking sites: New findings and policy implications.Children society,24(1), 75-83.

Minimum wage in the US

Most of the average Americans are living on a wage that the US government has deemed to be enough for the provision of reasonable standards of living.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Minimum wage in the US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These wage rates have literally remained at a standstill over the years while the cost of living in the society has been rising day by day. Therefore, people continue working but they cannot be able to afford reasonable living standards for themselves and their families. These situations are very common in America because the minimum wage is not changing with respect to the increasing costs of living. By 2008, the proportion of the working poor in the US was nearly 30% from a report by Working Poor Families Project titled â€Å"Still Working Hard, Still Falling Short† (Eley, para.1). This number has been increasing from the previous years. The result is that as the w orking poor increases, the future of most children will be at stake. They will not be able to acquire decent education and even health insurance will be a problem. On the other hand, as the number of poor people increase, the rich continue to become richer since they probably own the companies paying the minimum wages. The companies continue paying low while at the same time increasing their profits. This leads to complete imbalance of the income distribution in the country. The government therefore needs to set up measures to balance the current income distribution and therefore prevent future widening of the divide. This can effectively be achieved through raising the minimum wage in America. However, the minimum wage has been under a lot of controversy with economists and business owners arguing that increasing the minimum wage would lead to loss of employment. Economic models propose that increasing the minimum wage would lead to losses of employment by the unskilled workers. Ot her people argue that increasing the minimum wage would lead to increase in commodity prices by the employers to cover for the increased costs thereby beating the reason for the increase. Therefore, does increasing the minimum wage balance the income distribution or does it increase the imbalance? Does Increasing the Minimum Wage help or hurt? The federal minimum wage was first set out in the 1930s and has been constantly reviewed to take into consideration the rising costs of living. For such reasons, the minimum wage was not adjusted through out 1997 to 2007 (â€Å"Minimum Wage History, para.1†).This is the longest period that the wage remained constant resulting in the current low rates of wages compared to the cost of living.Advertising Looking for term paper on labor law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From 2008, various states responded by setting their own minimum wage levels above the federal minimum wage. Alth ough initially criticized that these increases would harm the poor more than they would help them, studies in those states that increased the minimum wage have shown that the increase led to increased employment and not vise versa (Thompson, para.7). At a state level, minimum wage increment led to job growth and therefore, the economic models proposing job loss because of minimum wage increase do not hold. Therefore, this should no longer be a barrier in increasing the minimum wage. The other argument by some business owners is that increasing the minimum wage will force the businesses to increase the commodity prices thereby further increasing the costs of living. This means that minimum wage increase is a cycle that does not lead to a balance in income distribution. To solve this, businesses should not look at the increased wage as a cost but as an increase in resources. They should look at ways of increasing the output from the workers as the wages they receive increase. This can be achieved, for example, by technological adaptations that will increase the workers’ output. Conclusion To solve the problem of the imbalance in income distribution in the United States, the minimum wage should be adjusted to match up with the current costs of living. States like Illinois and Indiana have shown that increasing the minimum wage does not hurt the employment level but it in fact causes employment growth. With better wages, workers will therefore be able to afford a decent living and secure a better future for their children thus reducing the poverty levels and consequently the gap between the rich and the poor. Works Cited Eley, Tom. â€Å"Working poor report: Nearly 30 percent of US families subsist on poverty wages.† International committee of the fourth international. 16 Oct. 2008. Web.. https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2008/10/work-o16.html â€Å"Minimum Wage History.† U.S. Minimum Wage History. Oregon State University. 26 Oct. 2008. Web.. h ttp://oregonstate.edu/instruct/anth484/minwage.htmlAdvertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Minimum wage in the US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thompson, F. Michael. â€Å"Minimum wage impacts on employment: A look at Indiana, Illinois and surrounding Midwestern states.† Recent Indiana business review articles. Indiana business research centre. 2008. Web.  http://www.ibrc.indiana.edu/IBR/2008/fall/article1.html This term paper on Minimum wage in the US was written and submitted by user Aileen Pate to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on The Influence Socrates On The Society

Every person has an idol, somebody to look up to, try to become alike, understand own mistakes in comparison, and be a little wiser. Most of our societies actually rely on somebody to tell them the proper way of doing things, but some of us are being leaders who can show the path. Socrates’ radical skepticism and questioning improved the society and morality. It took people a lot of time to open their minds and to see the truth and reality. This ideas, thoughts and methods were passed on by his followers, mostly by Plato. More than that, the only evidence and prove of the existence and importance of Socrates we know from Plato’s recorded dialogues. Socrates was the fundamentalist of the Western culture and people nowadays still use his theories to build and understand the world. In the times of Socrates (469-399BC) people were still barbarians in a way that they would do as were told to do. Their major fear was the government and the law. Women were not even allowed to vote, so automatically it became unreasonable to understand something you are not involved in. The government and especially the law were sacred since it was dictated by Gods. Greeks had many Gods at hat time which resulted in more rules, fear and punishment. Athenians got blinded by the strong power which was impossible to prove but hard to resist. Socrates’ major collapse regarding his behavior with other Athenians was his going too fast. People could not reach his level of wisdom, acceptance and supremacy so fast without getting afraid of the punishment from Gods. Some of Socrates’ friends obviously supported him and maintained the same attitude even after his death, but for others it took a while to understand the importance and magnificence of existence of such a m an. â€Å"Those who love me follow me†, said Socrates and was right since the only person who actually tried to prove the unreasonable and unfair judgment was Plato, the only lo... Free Essays on The Influence Socrates On The Society Free Essays on The Influence Socrates On The Society Every person has an idol, somebody to look up to, try to become alike, understand own mistakes in comparison, and be a little wiser. Most of our societies actually rely on somebody to tell them the proper way of doing things, but some of us are being leaders who can show the path. Socrates’ radical skepticism and questioning improved the society and morality. It took people a lot of time to open their minds and to see the truth and reality. This ideas, thoughts and methods were passed on by his followers, mostly by Plato. More than that, the only evidence and prove of the existence and importance of Socrates we know from Plato’s recorded dialogues. Socrates was the fundamentalist of the Western culture and people nowadays still use his theories to build and understand the world. In the times of Socrates (469-399BC) people were still barbarians in a way that they would do as were told to do. Their major fear was the government and the law. Women were not even allowed to vote, so automatically it became unreasonable to understand something you are not involved in. The government and especially the law were sacred since it was dictated by Gods. Greeks had many Gods at hat time which resulted in more rules, fear and punishment. Athenians got blinded by the strong power which was impossible to prove but hard to resist. Socrates’ major collapse regarding his behavior with other Athenians was his going too fast. People could not reach his level of wisdom, acceptance and supremacy so fast without getting afraid of the punishment from Gods. Some of Socrates’ friends obviously supported him and maintained the same attitude even after his death, but for others it took a while to understand the importance and magnificence of existence of such a m an. â€Å"Those who love me follow me†, said Socrates and was right since the only person who actually tried to prove the unreasonable and unfair judgment was Plato, the only lo...

Boeing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Boeing - Essay Example ecommendable such as the ideal anonymous channel that does not reveal the identity and the ideal pseudonymous channel that ensures the registration of the members first (N, 2013). In comparison to other firms, the UC mechanisms of protection enhancement in the coverage of the IP networks is more potent (N, 2013). This means that the Boeing Company is experiencing the value of systems whose probability of hacking is zero percent (N, 2013). The chances of hacking in the UC security mechanisms are severely complex in comparison to other security firms (N, 2013). The UC security firm gives Boeing an advantage in low cost video deployment compared to what the other security firms cannot express (N, 2013). The UC security firm has much capability that the Boeing Company has not deployed (N, 2013). As the CIO of the Boeing Company, I would utilize these capabilities to the company’s advantages (N, 2013). These capabilities offered by the UC security mechanism would enhance the security of the technology employed in the Boeing Company (N, 2013). As the CIO, I would ensure that everything is under the security of the UC security firm (N, 2013). N, G. (2013, January 16). Guard Now. Retrieved from UC Berkeley Security: Getting Security Guards for Parties and Events:

Organisational management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Organisational management - Essay Example he rules promulgated by the government for the benefit of the citizens in a way that would attempt to resolve conflict among individuals and groups as well as stamping out crime. The police organisations are structured in such a way where there are different departments responsible for different operations but at the end of the day are aimed at achieving the main objective of their existence which is promoting peace and an open system in their operations has been lauded as effective especially when interacting with the external environment. However, there are various factors that may influence the operations of the managers in police organisations such as PESTEL. The open system also affects the operations of an organisation to a certain extent as going to be discussed. As a point of departure, it is imperative to highlight the notion of open system as a way of gaining a clear understanding of the whole concept. Basically, the concept of open systems posits to the effect that police organisations rely heavily on the external environment which is significant in evaluating the inputs and the outputs related to their services (Chronkhite C.L., 2007). For instance, it was observed that in the UK most factors which impacted on the criminal justice system were external and finding responsive service to these problems required constant monitoring and feedback from the outside environment. This could be achieved through an open system that would allow the police service to get feedback from the external environment related to inputs and outputs and then carefully analyse this in order to operate more effectively and independently especially from political intervention. The control feedback is structured in such a way that is cybernetic in nature where the external agencies play the informing role and the police would act on such information in executing their duties. Like any other organisation, the police do not operate in a vacuum but in a society made up of people who

Quality Of Life Based On Minimalism Cultural Studies Essay

Quality Of Life Based On Minimalism Cultural Studies Essay Minimalism is a movement where everything is reduced to the most essential part. It stress on the functionality of space. Likewise, it is not only the movement but also a way of life. The important part that is promoted in minimalism shows the vital aspect that we need to look at. In our busy life, we sometimes forget about what we really need. Appreciation of life is being forgotten by the work especially in a hectic country like developed country. Today, this movement is well developed in Japan even though at first this movement came in the west. Minimalism adapt flexibly with their culture. What challenging of the application in this country where the rate of population is quite high while there is no enough space is will it survive. The capability of minimalism in this country proves that Minimalism is still relevant up until today. Hence, it improve the quality of life by slowing the time inside the space in contrast with whats happening outside. This is not only suitable in Japan but also in other country. Of course, it is not applicable in the same way as they do it in Japan. The most important thing is the capability of Minimalism to improve the quality of life through architecture. High quality of life conveys happiness to the users. So where should Minimalism in architecture start? Should the behavior come as the primary aspect or should the behavior be shaped by architecture? After Art Nouveau era die, Modernism born as the consequences of an economic inflation. People no longer looked at an ornament but more to the utilitarian object, a form without ornament. This movement started in Germany when Walter Gropius built an academic institution called Bauhaus in 1919. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe was a founder of form of modern industrial design. He was designing a steel chair which was new on that period.. It was no longer in flamboyant form, on the contrary the form is geometric and have a modern looked . A few years after that, Gropius and Mies as well as with Le Corbusier who believes in Purism and Cubism worked together and discovered an International modern Architecture called Art Deco. This movement was not only influenced England but also America. In Modernism, architecture was created based on the functionality of the space. On the other hand, in 1950s, Free Flow movement came. The form of the design in this period is curve. There was a problem in the politic of Germany that caused some of the artist moving to America and it influenced the next movement in 1960s. Op Art Minimalism and Pop Art were born. Op Art and Minimalism have the same characteristic: strong geometric elements, yet Pop Art emphasises on the good design. As the public reaction away from purity design, Pop Art had quite a big influence to their desire of colour and ornament up until today. The background above shows that Minimalism rooted in Modernism. The fundamental of Modernism is being developed to the Minimalism. Both Modernism and Minimalism, used clean lines and pure geometric form, but Minimalism pursues the essential of quality as a prime objective. Franco Bertoni in his book titled Minimalist Architecture said that a simplicity that exalts the true values of life and eliminates all that is superfluous and misleading around us and obscures recognition of the essential. That is why Minimalism is about discovering the ideal. According Gunter in his book titled Japanese Gardens (2003, p10), Japanese sense of beauty is the veneration of the unique in nature and the perfection of the man-made type. It shows that Japanese possession of best craftsmanship has been existed since then and it has become their nature. Man always makes Japanese garden by isolating selected forms of nature. Creating Japanese garden is not just as simple as putting nature into a framework even so there are some fix requirement and order. Japanese garden is created contextually. It shows on the landscape of Japanese garden that imitate the landscape of Japan, no flat plains. As the reflection of civilization, Shinto is influenced the design of Japanese garden, the veneration of nature and sense of purity which still they convey until this generation. The Japanese believe that nature is the abode of deity. Moreover, they believe that the form of the Japanese architecture is given by nature. Nature is one of the crucial elements in architecture, especially in Japan Minimalism. Without nature, minimalism is not complete. ii. Influence of Western modernism In 1930s, Japan experienced modernization whereby western modernism was being adopted and overlapped Japan modernism. It was supported by the arrival of Kenzo Tange and Maekawa, who worked in Le Corbusiers. Their design is underlay on modern western architecture. Tange was the one who refuse about the fundamental of Japanese architecture. His thinking took part in western thinking, which is the space that human wrested from nature. In 1950s Japonica came under the influence of America. The marriage with west modernism enriches Minimalism and strengthens its fundamental, which was fertile in ancient times. Nevertheless, it does not omit any element of Japan Minimalism. The space of Japanese architecture is now not only spatial and performative but also constructive and objective. Strong culture of Japan makes the Minimalism in Japan become unique even though it is influenced by external influence, the west. Modernism as the root of Minimalism came in German in 1900s. Through the influence from the west, Japan (the east) reinforces their identity in Minimalism. As it was explained before, Japanese culture and the foundation of Minimalism have a strong relationship. It is an inheritance from their ancestor. What is different in the East Minimalism is the infusion of culture. Minimalism flexibly adapts with the culture of Japan and creates their own characteristic. That is why the Japan-ness of Minimalism could be felt in every design. Clean lines and geometric has been developed in Japan since long time ago. The possession of perfection is compatible with the cleanliness of Minimalism. Both of these Minimalism embrace their relationship with surrounding, nature. Nature is one of the essential elements in Minimalism in the West. Nature gives the feeling of neutrality. What comes from the nature is comforting and easy to be adapted. The interaction with nature is achieved by bring the nature inside even if it just a visual connection just like what Japanese did in Japanese garden. From these two examples of similarities, we could see that Minimalism is flexible and adaptable to the society, but the fundamental cannot be changed. d. Characteristic of Minimalism The essential elements in Minimalism are repetition, reduction and neutrality. It is about designing with maximum simplicity inside and out by putting mass, light, landscape, order, containment, essence and expression. The quality of mass and volume is the most visible elements. The solidity is reflected on the physical appearance. This solidity and form corporate at the same time and create a prominent imagery of minimalism. Nature elements such as light and landscape play quite a big role in enriching minimalism. Light gives the sense of divineness to the space. Minimalism is not complete without the presence of nature. The element of nature is not only brought outside but also inside, a blurry connection. According to Pawson, order in Minimalism is about reconsidering received wisdom and searching for essential. Containment determines on the openness of the space. Typical minimalist architecture has an open plan and the openings are placed based on in-depth consideration. Even though Minimalism shows simplicity, it is expressive. Its visual imagery speaks about the history, economics and also they way people live are. Back to the essence of minimalism, repetition is practically being used in minimalist architecture. The used of repetition is comforting. Without similarities, difference could not be recognized. Repetition is geometric shape which derived from Modernism movement, pure form. While other movement is trying to explore the form, Minimalism keeps its appreciation to the pure of form. The reduction is created to evoke serenity of space and reveal textures. The importance of reduction is to emphasize on functionality and the relation with its surrounding because minimalism is about the composition of the holistic. This aspect is referred back to Less is More (Mies van der Rohe) which is show the aesthetic of the building by eliminating and showing the purity of forms. Less is more was developed by Le Corbusier who coined the purism by the meaning of style where flat surface must be pure, smooth, and white. The colour of white gives the sense of neutrality and shows purification. Neutrality is being promoted to emphasize the holistic so that none of the elements will stand out by itself but they will support each other as one. 2. Quality of Life and Social Environment are One Quality of life is a degree which a person enjoys the important possibilities of their life. It is the basic standard of human being that must be achieved in order to achieve well-being. There are three categories of quality of life: being, belonging and becoming. Being includes the personal well-being. Belonging is the happiness between one and social environment while becoming is the happiness between one and the their daily activities. All of these aspects are in relation with social environment because one cannot stand-alone by itself. Environment affects well-being. People happiness depends on the interaction between each of individual and the environment. The significant example is between human and nature, for example temperature. The temperature of the place affects humans mood. If the temperature is appropriate and humans body is able to adapt the temperature, humans mood will not be disturb. It is applied not only in temperature terms but also so in other aspects. We know that Japan is one of the busiest place on earth. Hectic life and high standard of living do not guarantee the high of quality of life. Because of the hectic life, basic needs of human being are usually being forgotten. Nature takes a quite a part in the degree of quality of life. As it is explained before, Japan in ancient times had a strong relationship with nature. Their relation with nature could improve the degree of quality of life and so does in other busy country. Not forgetting other country, the quality of life need to be maintained or even improved so that people could live in even a better environment that give a better affection in our daily life. The reaction of someone on himself, society and surrounding is the measurement of the quality of life. What is the most important on quality of life is, first, to fulfill the basic needs of human being. 3. The way to improve well-being in architecture People spend most of their time in building (architecture) that is why improving well-being in architecture is decent. We eat, sleep, work and live inside architecture. In order to improve the quality of life in architecture, should the architecture created based on behaviorolgy or based on the needs of human being? Good architecture is an architecture that offers happiness to the users. a. Architecture Based on Behaviorology One of the ways to improve quality of life through architecture is creating architecture based on behaviorology. Behaviorology is an independently organized discipline featuring the natural science of behavior. Behaviorologists study the functional relations between behavior and its independent variables in the behavior-determining environment. This study also involves the study of the environment; nature and building. Each of the elements has their own behavior that is distinct from one another. Hence, each element will interact and affect one another. There are three things that we need to look based on behaviorology: the behavior of human beings, nature, and building. As a human being, we know that we are the most conscious and have a big role to control things around us. We could sense the world by our senses. It is the most important thing in human life. Senses are the door to the outside world. Without it, we cannot feel the world. There are 5 senses in human body such as sense of vision, hear, feel, taste and smell. These sense stimulate human to react to their environment. All the senses except taste are appropriate in the correlation with architecture. Vision, hearing, touch, and smell are able to revive the imagination of things that we were felt before. Because of those senses we are able to react and appreciate the place we live on. Behavior of human could be investigate through a timeline, depends on what are we going to look at. The similarities of action are counted as behavior. Nature behavior follows the law physics. Nature happens outside and will enter the space. The law of nature is something that cannot be controlled by human. Compared to human behavior, nature behavior works more consistent. In this condition, architecture becomes the framework where nature will react towards the space. There is also buildings behavior. This could be examined in a quite long time period around 50 to 100 years. In this long-term period, we can see that there is a change in the language of building. The design of typical building from one period to another period shows a movement, a behavior of building. Through this analysis, we could more understand about the society and predict the next building behavior. Architecture that is based on behavior has the intention to achieve the fondness of the users. Fondness indicates high quality of life. The consideration towards these behaviors is applied to architecture. The intention of the space needs to be easy to understand. This shows that behavior shapes the architecture. Behavior is a key to achieve the happiness so that it could be easier to be adapted. People are easier to adapt in a comfortable space even though it is new for them. CASE STUDIES: Takaharu + Yui Tezuka, Atelier Bow-Wow b. Architecture Shapes Behavior It has been explained before that the vital of human being lays on senses. The sensitivity of sense force human being to react with their surrounding consciously and unconsciously. Architecture is the framework where society happens. Human reacts to environment. This reaction shows that architecture is able to shape human behavior. Some of architects, like Tadao Ando, prefer to design architecture in this way. He thinks that architecture has to understand and shape how the users should be. This is a natural reaction of human being towards the given environment. For the example, the design of traffic in a complex of house. Nowadays, people who live in a city could not be separate with car. Access of car is everywhere to make people live easier but it is not what it should be. The correlation with the car should not be embrace too much. Car gives indirect and direct bad influence. It gives pollution that makes people unhappy and separate people from the society. They are not engage to interact with one another. The environment creates an individual personality. CASE STUDY. 4.Minimalism in Maximizing the Quality of Life The basic of Minimalism is about simplicity and reduction to the essential. It emphasizes on the functionality of the space. Minimalism is omitting the unimportant to emphasize the important. Quality of life is, on the other hand, talking about the fulfillment of basic needs. By fulfilling the basic needs, quality of life could be achieved. Today, work burdens our life so that we sometimes forget about what we need to have in our life. In this context, Minimalism are being used as the reaction of hectic life where everything move very fast but when one come to Minimalist space where everything is so simple and lack of decorative, one will feel that the time moves slower. This shows that Minimalism are suitable to achieve a high quality of life. Minimalism and quality of life have the similarities, which is the achievement of basic. The unimportant need to be vanished. As it was explained before, there are two ways how Minimalism improves the quality of life. What is the fundamental t o create a Minimalism instead of putting the foundation of Minimalism? The affection to the users needs to be the biggest consideration in order to achieve good quality of life. Decoration does not affect happiness. Quality of life needs to be construct from the basic, which is why the focus attention that is being promoted in Minimalism is pertinent. Human reacts towards nature and building. Nature is humans first home. It gives human everything that they need. Interaction between human and nature always give a positive affection, which means a good quality of life. Minimalism always promotes landscape (nature) the design. Health and fondness that are generated by the interaction with nature indicate the good quality of life. According to the book titled Minimal: The Big Book of Minimalism by Alex Sanchez Vidiella (2007, p17), facade design and the integration of building with surrounding become the important topic to be explored by modern architect. This aspect enriches Minimalist design. It is proof that Minimalism is still relevant to be applied today. III. Conclusion Minimalism is not only a movement but also a way of life. The reduction to the important is relevant with the achievement of quality of life which the fulfillment of basic needs that give the well-being as a result. Well-being could be constructed through architecture where we spend most of our live inside. Minimalism should be created through the understanding of behavior to achieve the well-being. It is true that architecture is able to shape the behavior but it needs to come after that. These two ways work concurrently and cannot be separated. The thought of what the users want needs to be express through the building in a simplest way so that they understand the thought and the purpose behind it. The clarity and simplicity that is promoted in Minimalism tell about the basic to the users directly. It concludes that Minimalism as a movement and way of life, is able to improve quality of life by omitting the unimportant to emphasize the important that is applied to architecture base d on the behavior instead of creating of architecture to shape the behavior.

The Confusion Over Cyberpunk Essay -- Science Fiction Technology Essay

The Confusion Over Cyberpunk What the media associates with cyberpunk does not agree with the commonly accepted interpretation of the movement. The cyberpunk writers' philosophies of a bleak future, caused by the marriage of technical and human abilities, have been lost due to the acceptance of the underground movement. Whenever anyone looks at the newborn information age, one can not help but attach a "cyber" label to it. When anyone mentions the Internet or the World Wide Web, the only word that comes to mind is "cyberspace." Even though our networks are not synonymous with the "cyberspace" created by William Gibson in Neuromancer, the term is now being used to describe any virtual computer environment. It seems that the current acceptance of computers has started a revolution in which man is becoming dependent upon machines. Where can you go without having access to a television or telephone? The widespread use of microprocessors and the data stored on them have created a new medium for artists to demonstrate their abilities. One problem this computer revolution creates is that it is often confused with cyberpunk fiction. On February 8, 1993, Time magazine published an article defining and clarifying questions of the cyberpunk movement. The conventionalization of cyberpunk (CP for short) has succeeded in removing the ideals and philosophies once associated with it. Rudy Rucker states that CP is "simply the fusion of humans and machines (Elmer-Dewitt 59)." However, CP is about much more than that: it is about the struggle between man and its creation, the probing of the human soul, and the rebellion against tradition. CP started as a group of writers eager to oppose conventional beliefs and writing styles. The movement ... ...ment alone opposes the fact that the CP movement is countercultural and always stands away from the mainstream. The newly formed definition is rapidly replacing the true CP movement. Eventually, all interactive technologies ranging from video games to digital satellite systems will be considered CP. The group of writers creating SF in the 1980's has created a new movement based on their works, bearing the same name. Works Cited Cadigan, Pat. "Rock On." ." Mirrorshades : The Cyberpunk Anthology. Ed. Bruce Sterling. New York: Ace Books, 1986. 34-42. Elmer-Dewitt, Philip. "Cyberpunk." Time. 8 Feb. 1993: 58 - 65. Maddox, Tom. "Snake-Eyes." Mirrorshades : The Cyberpunk Anthology. Ed. Bruce Sterling. New York: Ace Books, 1986. 12-33. Sterling, Bruce. "Cyberpunk in the Nineties." Writing About Cyberpunk. Ed. Tonya Browning. Austin: Abel's Copies, 1995. 3-6. The Confusion Over Cyberpunk Essay -- Science Fiction Technology Essay The Confusion Over Cyberpunk What the media associates with cyberpunk does not agree with the commonly accepted interpretation of the movement. The cyberpunk writers' philosophies of a bleak future, caused by the marriage of technical and human abilities, have been lost due to the acceptance of the underground movement. Whenever anyone looks at the newborn information age, one can not help but attach a "cyber" label to it. When anyone mentions the Internet or the World Wide Web, the only word that comes to mind is "cyberspace." Even though our networks are not synonymous with the "cyberspace" created by William Gibson in Neuromancer, the term is now being used to describe any virtual computer environment. It seems that the current acceptance of computers has started a revolution in which man is becoming dependent upon machines. Where can you go without having access to a television or telephone? The widespread use of microprocessors and the data stored on them have created a new medium for artists to demonstrate their abilities. One problem this computer revolution creates is that it is often confused with cyberpunk fiction. On February 8, 1993, Time magazine published an article defining and clarifying questions of the cyberpunk movement. The conventionalization of cyberpunk (CP for short) has succeeded in removing the ideals and philosophies once associated with it. Rudy Rucker states that CP is "simply the fusion of humans and machines (Elmer-Dewitt 59)." However, CP is about much more than that: it is about the struggle between man and its creation, the probing of the human soul, and the rebellion against tradition. CP started as a group of writers eager to oppose conventional beliefs and writing styles. The movement ... ...ment alone opposes the fact that the CP movement is countercultural and always stands away from the mainstream. The newly formed definition is rapidly replacing the true CP movement. Eventually, all interactive technologies ranging from video games to digital satellite systems will be considered CP. The group of writers creating SF in the 1980's has created a new movement based on their works, bearing the same name. Works Cited Cadigan, Pat. "Rock On." ." Mirrorshades : The Cyberpunk Anthology. Ed. Bruce Sterling. New York: Ace Books, 1986. 34-42. Elmer-Dewitt, Philip. "Cyberpunk." Time. 8 Feb. 1993: 58 - 65. Maddox, Tom. "Snake-Eyes." Mirrorshades : The Cyberpunk Anthology. Ed. Bruce Sterling. New York: Ace Books, 1986. 12-33. Sterling, Bruce. "Cyberpunk in the Nineties." Writing About Cyberpunk. Ed. Tonya Browning. Austin: Abel's Copies, 1995. 3-6.

Functions of Police Essay

Federal agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) not only operate across the entire nation, but the agency also has agents serving abroad. In addition to this, the FBI is not a police agency, but an agency with jurisdiction to investigate any and all matters in which the United States is, or maybe an interested party (The Scope of Present Federal Activity, 1968). The Federal Bureau of Investigation limits its jurisdiction to laws pertaining to federal statues, including all federal statues not primarily assigned to other agencies. These include statues dealing with espionage, sabotage, treason, civil rights violation, the assault and murder of federal law enforcement officers, robbery, burglary, kidnapping, mail fraud, federally insured banks, and interstate transportation of stolen vehicles, and property (Hill, 1999). In addition to these laws, some federal agencies offer helpful services to other local police agencies, including use of its vast fingerprint file, and a sophisticated crime laboratory that aids local police in testing and identifying evidence, such as hair, fiber, drugs, blood, and tire tracks. The FBI’s National Crime Information Center is a computerized network linked to local police departments by terminals. Through it, information vehicles reported stolen, wanted persons, guns reported stolen, and so on are made readily available to local law enforcement agencies (The Scope of Federal Activity,1968). The following agencies are also part of federal law enforcement: 1. Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA). Investigates illegal drug use and carries out independent surveillance and enforcement activities to control the importation of narcotics (Hill, 2009). 2. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF). Has jurisdiction over the sales and distribution of firearm, explosives, alcohol, and tobacco products (Hill, 2009). 3. U.S. Marshalls. Court officers who help implement federal court rulings, transport rulings, transport prisoners, and enforce court orders (Hill, 2009). 4. Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Enforces violations of income, exise, stamp, and other tax laws. Its intelligence division actively pursues gamblers, narcotic dealers, and other violators who do not report their illegal financial gains as taxable income (Hill, 2009). Federal police agencies do not have the order maintenance or peacekeeping duties typical of a local police department, which oftentimes causes controversy and sometimes civil disturbances. Last, the jurisdictions of some federal law enforcement agencies are extremely narrow. The United States Supreme Court Police for example provide protective and investigative services for the Supreme Court only (Framework for Assessing the Acquisition Function at Federal Agencies, 2006). State police provide traffic and criminal law enforcement, as well as other services that are particular to the needs of that state government. Some of the functions of state police includes controlling traffic on the highway system, tracing stolen automobiles, and aiding in disturbances and crowd control (Pavone,1942). In states with large, powerful county sheriff’s departments, the state police functions are usually restricted to highway patrol. In others, where the county sheriff’s law enforcement role is limited, state police usually maintain a more active investigative and enforcement role and aid city and town police departments in criminal investigations Misner, 1960). The local police are the workhorses of the law enforcement system in America. They perform many functions and tasks including, but not limited to: (1) Law enforcement-examples include burglary investigations, apprehending criminal perpetrators, serving warrants, or giving court testimonies, (2) Peacekeeping and order maintenance-examples include preventing fights or disturbances between individuals, or peacefully resolving domestic disputes before they spiral out of control, (3) Service- examples include hospital and funeral processions escorts, or delivering mail for city officials (4) Information gathering-examples include determining neighborhood reactions to a proposed liquor license in the community, investigating cases of missing children, or investigating and reporting dangerous road conditions (Mathis & Zech, 1985). Other duties and responsibilities of the local police include protecting life and property- patrolling a particular jurisdiction at night, keeping citizens from a fire scene, or recovering and returning stolen items or lost property. Enforcing the law-ensuring traffic laws are adhered to, filing police reports and complaints, or seizing illegal weapons. Preventing criminal activity-patrolling high crime areas. Maintaining the peace- showing high police visibility and presence, or intervening in neighbor disturbances. Arresting violators-apprehending fleeing suspects, or giving citations to alcohol permit holders who sell to minors. Serve the public trust- giving directions to travelers, delivering emergency messages, administering first aid ((Mathis & Zech, 1985). County law enforcement as it relates to police functions involves the sheriff’s department. These individuals perform various functions ranging from investigations to supervision of sentenced offenders. Furthermore, they provide courtroom security as well as confining and transporting prisoners, serve summons, and warrants, enforce traffic, and criminal laws. Sheriff’s departments frequently operate the county jail, which houses hundreds and even thousands of prisoners, depending on the particular county. In certain counties, the sheriff’s department shares law enforcement duties with a separate police department. Furthermore, the sheriff’s law enforcement functions today are carried out only in unincorporated areas within a county or in response to city departments’ request for aid in such matters as patrol or investigations (Misner, 1960). Sheriffs generally have more leniency over police chiefs when it comes to running their own agencies. The local police, in many counties, operate the sheriffs department. In many counties, local police governs the operations of the sheriff’s department, and the sheriff must operate as a partisan politician to remain in office. The authority to appoint special duties and to award patronage jobs contributes to the sheriff’s power and influence in a county (Misner, 1960). Identify and address possible future changes in laws and the overall impact these changes will have on the field of policing. The Governor of Georgia, Nathan Deal signed the new Illegal Immigration Reform and Enforcement Act of 2011 into law May 13. Legal challenges facing the Atlanta Police Department are expected and might delay implementation, but it is scheduled otherwise to take effect July 1st. Possible changes to the new law, the Immigration Reform and Enforcement Act of 2011, will have a significant and chilling effect on the Atlanta Police Department. One of the challenges presented is that crime reporting will go unnoticed and unreported in communities and jurisdictions where immigrants are predominant (Moya & Shedlin, 2008). Fear of deportation and arrest would give illegal immigrants an even greater incentive to stay â€Å"under the radar† and avoid drawing attention to themselves. Doing this would undercut and undermine the Atlanta police department’s overall crime-fighting efforts which will ultimately impact unreported crime for their police officers. The greatest impact these new changes in the Immigration Reform and Enforcement Act will have on the Atlanta police department is that in the absence of federal policy, the Atlanta police department will be forced to take a very active role in dealing with issues pertaining to immigration, although they don’t have the authority and resources to tackle immigration issues. Furthermore, their authority still hasn’t been made clear as of yet and federal resources are not sufficient to support them (Moya & Shedlin, 2008).