Lewis Acid-Base Reaction Definition and Examples

A Lewis acid-base reaction is a chemical reaction that forms at least one covalent bond between an electron pair donor (Lewis base) and an electron pair acceptor (Lewis acid). The general form of a Lewis acid-base reaction is: A B- → A-B where A is an electron acceptor or Lewis acid, B- is an electron donor or Lewis base, and A-B is a coordinate covalent compound. Significance of Lewis Acid-Base Reactions Most of the time, chemists apply the  Brà ¸nsted  acid-base  theory (Brà ¸nsted-Lowry) in which acids act as proton donors and bases are proton acceptors. While this works well for many chemical reactions, it doesnt always work, particularly when applied to reactions involving gases and solids. The Lewis theory focuses on electrons rather than proton transfer, allowing for prediction of many more acid-base reactions. Example Lewis Acid-Base Reaction While  Brà ¸nsted theory cannot explain the formation of complex ions with a central metal ion, Lewis acid-base theory sees the metal as the Lewis Acid and the ligand of the coordination compound as a Lewis Base. Al3 6H2O â‡Å' [Al(H2O)6]3 The aluminum metal ion has an unfilled valence shell, so it acts as an electron acceptor or Lewis acid. Water has lone pair electrons, so it can donate electrons to serve as the anion or Lewis base.

The United States And Foreign Policy - 1633 Words

The United States has always had an erratic view towards foreign policy. At its conception, it leaned isolationist for about a century leading up to the First World War before opening up to the global stage. In the interwar period, the United States retreated somewhat back into isolation but continued to support Europe and Latin America. After World War 2, America was left to assume the role as the global hegemonic power, both willingly and unwillingly. Unique circumstances such as the destruction of most developed economies allowed the United States to exploit the situation to create a world order with several differences from that of its predecessor, Great Britain. This new world order allowed the U.S. to focus on two specific thoughts on their foreign policy, Wilsonianism and Jeffersonianism, as it saw fit. In the years that followed World War 2, the United States original desire to create global institutions to lessen the burden that Washington had to bear changed significantly. It evolved into the United States leading in most global affairs, creating a new form of liberal world order in which a leading state creates international rules and institutions with the purpose of providing public services while at the same time adhering to said rules and institutions. G. John Ikenberry referred to it as a liberal-constitutional order. While similarities exist between this order and the other three that Ikenberry refers to, there are stark contrasts that make the American orderShow MoreRelatedForeign Policy, Reformed, And The United States1437 Words   |  6 PagesStefan Danilov Pol S 321 B Professor Robin Datta Response Paper 1, Prompt 1 October 18, 2015 Foreign Policy, Reformed Looking back at the history of the United States, we find ourselves in the midst of a revelation. The country of grandiose influence and excessive wealth, that we have come to know during our lifetimes, actually had quite humble beginnings. At a time when most of us are used to having most countries come to the US to inquire for help and assistance, we may not be all too aware thatRead MoreThe United States Foreign Policy1667 Words   |  7 PagesAs Kelly Anderson’s Foreign Policy Analyst, the following memo will address three areas of the United States’ foreign policy. The U.S. has gone through may transition when it comes to its foreign policy. The United States has been an isolationist, neutralist, and internationalist country from the year it was founded to now. The executive branch and the president apply their power to influence and change the nation’s foreign policy. There are specific departments within the Executive Office of theRead MoreThe United Sta tes Foreign Policy Essay1470 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States foreign policy is an interaction between the United States and foreign nations. Foreign policy sets standards on how different organizations, corporations, and individual citizens should interact with one another. Some Americans believe the United States should remain withdrawn from the affairs of foreign countries, but other Americans believe the United States should involve itself in the affairs of foreign countries. In 1796, George Washington included these words in his farewellRead MoreForeign Policy Of The United States1042 Words   |  5 Pages The foreign policy of the United States of America is the process in which it cooperates with foreign nations and sets guidelines of communication for the rest of the world. The foreign policy of the United States is the strategy by which the United States communicates with foreign countries. The U.S. has a powerful influence in this world. The global reach of the United States is backed by a $14.3 trillion dollar economy, roughly a quarter of worldwide GDP, and a protection spending plan of $711Read MoreThe United States And Foreign Policies870 Words   |  4 PagesDurning 1913 and 1916 Woodrow Wilsons domestic and foreign policies weren t both equally successful but both were successful. AlthoughWilson had primarily been elected to reform national politics and initiate new progressive policies in Washington, he spent the majority of his time as President dealing with foreign policy rather than domestic. Wilson s predecessors, including McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, and Taft, had v iewed the United States as an emerging power that needed to extend its influenceRead MoreThe United States And Foreign Policy Essay982 Words   |  4 Pagesthe rest of the world, and its foreign policy reflected these ideas and beliefs. The United States was on its way to becoming a world power and advancing its own interest in the world, especially in the North and South America. Isolationism caused the United States to avoid being involved in other countries politics and for the U.S. to remain neutral in foreign policy Americans in the 19th century were more interested in domestic events than the affairs of foreign countries. Economic growth andRead MoreThe United States And Foreign Policy Essay4400 Words   |  18 PagesIn contemporary, international society the United States is at the forefront of global affairs. Moreover, scholars have argued that after the First World War, American hegemony led a path for a liberalized world, where cooperation and harmonious institutions unit the world. However, the United States historically has never been this type of hegemonic leader. 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This view emanates from all the conflicts going in the Middle East that have the potential to threaten numerous strategic interests for the united Stated such as oil, terrorist, and Israel. Yet Middle East has never seen as problematic as it is now due to the excessive flux of problems the MiddleRead MoreThe United States And Foreign Policy1786 Words   |  8 Pagesthe United States showed little interest in foreign affairs. The U.S. relied on previous foreign policies which resulted in inconsistent international trade in the years leading up to the twentieth century. However, following the rise of the industrial revolution in the United States American business began to recognize the vast potential of the international market place. The U.S. sought out to expand its territory globally to increase trade and protect its assets more effectively. The United States

Cause and Effect- Steroids Free Essays

Cause and Effect Analysis 1 A Cause and Effect Metacognative Analysis Bryan J. Critical Reading and Thinking, Section 409 March 11, 2010 Cause and Effect Analysis 2 Casual Metacognitive Analysis Introduction I am focusing on the cause and effect genre in this paper to inform the reader about steroids and how they have become a common phenomenon among athletes. What some people may not know are the negative effects steroids have on a person’s intellectual/spiritual, social-emotion, and physical appearance. We will write a custom essay sample on Cause and Effect- Steroids or any similar topic only for you Order Now For instance, a person on steroids may have an effected social- emotional relationship with others due to the increase in testosterone, causing many users to lash out with violence and rage, a term that has been coined â€Å"roid rage. † My purpose in writing this essay is to shed light on the negative effects of steroids. By using cause and effect you will be able to determine the cause, which is steroids, and the many different effects they have. This is an important tool to really show just how a substance like anabolic steroids can affect someone. It is also important for my field of study, exercise science, to teach people about the negative side effects. Cause and effect analysis has taught me how to become a better reader, and writer, by showing me exactly how to analyze what I’m reading, and have it sink it, rather than go in one ear and out the other. The use of cause and effect in this essay will give the reader a more in depth perspective of the effects steroids have on the human body. Audit Awaareness For this essay I chose two articles to compare and contrast. The first article I chose was â€Å"Performance enhancement is not the only effect of androgenic-anabolic steroids in athletes. † The first article by ADIS International Limited did an excellent job giving us an in depth look on the ins and outs of steroid use. The second article I chose was titled â€Å"High-Dose Anabolic Cause and Effect Analysis 3 Steroids in Strength Athletes: Effects upon Hostility and Aggression†, written by P. Y. L. Choi, A. C. Parrott, and D. Cowan. This article is an account of tests that P. Y. L. Choi et al. onstructed while testing the effects that steroid use has on strength athletes. It used a control group, that contained non users, and a group of three subjects on steroids. Both articles spoke of the negative side effects that steroids have, and described their uses. The second article, however, had more detail and provided real life examples of how far steroids could affect someone, negatively. FOR INSTANCE†¦While evaluating both ar ticles I noticed that the evidence provided was relevant to the claim each was trying to make, that steroids generally provide more negative effects than good ones. The second article provided graphs to show the different levels of aggression and hostility in the subjects being tested, and the first article did not. Both articles had contradictions that could sway a reader away from believing that steroids were a negative alternative to supplementing. In the second article P. Y. L Choi et al. discuss how their study could be weak, â€Å"It was ‘open’ rather than ‘blind’. Drug conditions varied widely between subjects. † Over all, each article provided substantial evidence leading a reader to believe steroid use provides more negative effects than positive. I believe the authors in article one and two had the purpose of showing how steroids work, and to show how using them could lead to serious health risks and emotional instabilities, which could damage relationships you have with others. Nature of Casual Argument There was one cause for this subject: steroids. However, it had multiple effects, such as performance enhancement, and the bad side effects including increased aggression, hostility, decreased sex drive, weight gain, infertility, cardiovascular risks, and interfered with personal Cause and Effect Analysis 4 elationships. The author for this article used a chart that gave a description of how steroids affected both male and females. In males it had acne, increased facial and body hair, increased aggressive behavior, increased appetite, and balding. In females it reduced breast size, menstrual irregularities, deepening of the voice, and enlarging the clitoris. While stating the negative side effects this article also included l egitimate purposes for using steroids. Steroids can treat growth retardation, breast carcinoma, osteoporosis, edema, and anemia. What this article is trying to state, however, is that when used improperly, such as using more than the recommended dose, generally for enhancement purposes, the effects can be negative. Informative Article Summary The article comes from a textbook entitled â€Å"Drugs Therapy Perspective,† the title of the article is â€Å"Performance enhancement is not the only effect of androgenic-anabolic steroids in athletes. † The article talks about effects other than just performance enhancement when using steroids. The author’s opinion appears to be that steroids are not the way to go for enhancing performance athletically. This article first talks about how steroids work. Anabolic steroids are understood and almost guaranteed in all cases to create a deepened voice, increasing the user’s power, and creating more hair on your body. There are two different ways steroids can be used: through necessary doctor prescribed means, or by personal use, normally involving higher doses of the drug. While steroids can be beneficial in treating certain conditions dealing with its therapeutic use, it can also be used in frowned upon ways such as increased doses for personal use, in hopes of seeing results whether it is in competition or for muscle mass. Some of the main, and most common side effects steroids have, are an increase in the user’s weight, power gains, Cause and Effect Analysis 5 and problems with their physical and emotional well being. While stating that it does make some people stronger, it gives information from studies to show that anabolic steroids provide no long term energy. Most athletes have adverse effects when abusing steroids. Steroid abuse can also lead to infertility, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, heart attacks, heart failure, and even mortality. Towards the end of the article it talks about the effects that a person’s mental state goes through, such as increased rage, and lack of patience or short fuse. It ends off by including more effects to the many we now know, by adding in that if taken during your adolescent stages, your growth plates close up and your growth may be stunted Authorial Purpose The author’s main point in writing this essay is to inform his audience which may consist of athletes, any people currently on steroids, or even people just thinking about them. This gives detailed accounts of effects that steroids have, and the adverse side effects. The article responds to any arguments that the readers may have by suggesting positive steroid use, and goes on to say that when abusing them, just like any other drug, you would more often than not receive adverse effects from anabolic steroids. Read Like a Writer When stating the positive uses for steroids, such as therapeutic reasons, it provides an answer for anyone who has an argument for steroids. It reaches common ground with the readers by providing several different side effects rather than just one. For instance, in (para. 7) â€Å"The abuse of AASs in healthy young athletes has been associated with serious cardiovascular events (e. g. cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, QT dispersion†¦acute heart failure and sudden cardiac Cause and Effect Analysis 6 death. † The cause and effect argument is made by informing the reader of the many dangerous side effects that relates to steroid abuse, as seen in the previous sentence. The author incorporates counter arguing by information relevant to both males and females, rather than just one sex. By doing this he has now expanded his argument to a more vast audience. The author is not one-hundred percent against steroids, just the abuse of them, and it is not biased in doing so. This provides for a well written article, and one that anyone could read and leave being well informed of the adverse side effects of steroids, and not have much of an argument for them. Before reading this article I was not aware of over half of the effects steroids have on the human body and thought taking them in the offseason for baseball wouldn’t be such a bad idea. After reading this article and making a cause and effect essay on it, I was really able to clearly see that the side effects outweigh any achievable goal in which one may meet. Information Literacy The author for this article is unknown, but it comes from an accredited journal titled â€Å"Drugs Therapy Perspective† and was written in 2005. It is a rather recent article, and provides accurate information on the use, and abuse of steroids. It provides information from different studies, and self-reports to show the adverse effects of steroid abuse. In (para. 4) The author goes into the legitimate therapeutic reasons one may consider in taking steroids â€Å"AASs have a number of legitimate therapeutic uses including the treatment of male hypogonadism and growth retardation†¦. and some forms of anemia. † The author’s objective is not only having one side on steroids, but showing the positive with the negative. They presents the subject in a way that anyone could read and understand just what would happen if they were to abuse steroids. Cause and Effect Analysis 7 Professional Scenario After reading this article I am now able to apply the knowledge I’ve learned to my career. I am planning on going into the field of exercise science, and wish to train athletes. I will never suggest to anyone I’m training to abuse steroids, but rather avoid them entirely, and to enhance their performance naturally through over the counter vitamins, plenty of exercise, and eating healthy. There is no need to take steroids unless you want the easy way out. The negative side effects of them outweigh, in my opinion, the positive effects. While they may increase some performance, and make your muscles larger, they can affect you for the rest of your life by making you infertile, aggressive, or may end your life permanently. Also, I am an athlete myself, I play baseball, and I’ve seen so many athletes succumb to steroids, and end up losing their career over it. Every year dozens of MLB players are found to be on steroids, and are suspended, and their reputation and records ruined forever. You lose all respect, and dignity, when the fact that you’re using steroids to comes into the light. They may make you faster, or hit a ball harder, but when someone finds out those monster homeruns were boosted by being chemically induced, instead of a natural gift, or a result from being the best you can be, you basically lose the joy of every homerun you’ve ever hit, or base you’ve ever stolen. Conclusion The author does a great job in providing sufficient details in this cause and effect analysis. The author touched on a lot of the physical and emotional problems you will run into when dealing with abusing steroids. It becomes clear to me at the end of reading this that steroids are not up to par on the risk to reward plain. His use of steroids as his cause provides for a Cause and Effect Analysis 8 multiple effect pattern. I am now fully aware of what really happens to your body when you mess with this type of drug. Having knowledge on this topic will benefit me in my major because I am now able to preach to young athletes the dangers, and can now make some safer alternatives to performance enhancement. I am a better reader because of the cause and effect genre. Thanks to cause and effect I am now able to see all points the author is trying to make in his argument and better understand the effects of any cause someone may write about. Cause and Effect Analysis 9 References ADIS International Limited. (2005). Drug reactions and interactions. Performance enhancement is not the only effect of androgenic-anabolic steroids in athletes. Drugs ther perspect 2005; Vol. 21, No. 8 Choi, P. Y. L; Parrott, A. C. ; and Cowan, D. (1990) High-Dose Anabolic Steroids in Strength Athletes: Effects upon Hostility and Aggression. Human Psychopharmacology 1990; Vol. 5, pages (349-356). How to cite Cause and Effect- Steroids, Papers

Social Networking Foundation and Age

Question: Discuss about theSocial Networking for Foundation and Age. Answer: Introduction Social media plays a pivotal role in everyday life for most of the person in the present world. According to the market survey it can be observed that, the movement from novel to typical in business is went down by the overview comes about 90% of organizations now utilize online networking for business purposes. The close universal utilization of online networking for business has prompted a developing valuation for work environment dangers emerging out of its abuse the more that individuals use social networking for business purposes, the more prominent the odds that the scarcely discernible difference between individual use and business use will obscure. There has been a checked increment in the quantity of organizations that have executed online networking approaches. What's more, numerous organizations have acquainted measures with location the particular dangers emerging out of online networking abuse by their workers, for example, tormenting and provocation, abuse of private d ata and the making of deriding remarks about organizations and partners. All of which can bring about huge reputational harm with a tap of a support, numerous years of cautious and costly marking and showcasing can be undermined. Main Body Analysis Social networking services (SNS) are progressively prominent amongst Australian youngsters paying little heed to topographical area, foundation and age. They incorporate administrations, for example, Facebook.com, MySpace.com and Bebo.com which have numerous a huge numbers of individuals each. It likewise incorporates administrations, for example, Elftown.com (for aficionados of imagination and sci-fi) and Ravelry.com (for devotees of weaving!) with little quantities of individuals, frequently associated by a particular normal interest Online networking is by and large used to depict cooperative media creation and sharing on a genuinely vast scale (that can incorporate SNS additionally other participatory media exercises, for example, news websites) however can be stretched out to incorporate littler client produced content systems or small scale groups (i.e. the 'little media' part of the present media environment), and things that occasionally fall outside SNS, for example, online journals, podcasts, wikis, amusement modding (Rosenblum, 2007). Besides, numerous administrations made for media sharing (e.g. Flickr for photograph sharing, Last.FM for music listening propensities and YouTube for video sharing) have joined profile and systems administration highlights and might be considered as a feature of this more extensive conceptualisation of SNS themselves. Without a doubt, SNS in a Web 2.0 environment have changed procedures of correspondence and social connection especially with the expanding incorporation of online networking usefulness to these administrations. The quick uptake of both online networking and SNS rehearses by youngsters implies a vital movement in youthful people'sà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ utilization of the net fundamentally for data and amusement to one of correspondence. Youngsters are expending, delivering, sharing and remixing media. Within the workplace to maintain effective business programme most of the organisation utilizes their social media sites and pages as an effective communication media. To keep information sharing with the other, employee engagement and for effective communication within the organisation the Human Resource Management team offers social media involvement within the workplace. One specific way managers can utilize online networking as a channel for representative voice and corporate interchanges is to get to the base of aggregate livelihood issues. By connecting with their workforces in open, two-way (or multi-directional) discourse, they can exhibit they are being sensible and fortify the association with their workforces. Workers frequently discover online networking stages connecting with in light of the fact that they are intuitive, fair and quick. It is subsequently a perfect channel for worker voice, regularly demonstrating significantly more well-known than conventional strategies for empowering voice, for example, running representative reviews. Online networking by and large is an open, digressive and dynamic channel that draws workers into talks about their associations, and gated undertaking interpersonal organizations give a sheltered spot to such online discussions. Online networking can encourage specially appointed correspondences and joint effort, and continuous activities, for example, worker representation structures (Boyd Ellison, 2012). Having a superior arranged association lies at the center of most employments of big business informal communities, but on the other hand is of natural worth in itself, as it can enhance representatives' working lives and fortify their relationship with the association. Having individual posts and in addition expert is frequently seen to add to this. By allowing and urging staff to draw in with clients through online networking, bosses can bridle the dedication of these common promoters. Such collaboration can likewise fortify the pride workers have in their associations and add to their satisfaction in their employment. For a case, Marks and Spencer utilizes around 70,000 individuals in the UK, where the organization has more than 700 shops. Over late years, the association's way of life has turned out to be more open and communitarian, and its administration more degenerated. Yammer, utilized nearby a more intuitive intranet, is a key apparatus in this continuous expedition to make a more positive workplace and become the finest out of representatives. Online networking sites can incomprehensibly expand the pool from which bosses can enlist and make the way toward procuring more productive. This is prone to be of specific advantage in quick paced work markets. For a case, Cape UK supplies administrations to the vitality segment, including platform, warm protection and rope access. Enrollment is an especially noteworthy element in Cape's operations: it dramatically increases the extent of its workforce over the late spring months and frequently needs to enlist at short notice. Utilizing Facebook as a useful social media tool the organization has changed Cape's procuring procedure and has been utilized to help worker relations. In this present moment social media has been playing a key role in the business process. At this present moment each and every business organization uses social media for executing different types of business functionalities. According to the researchers; this has been a useful tool for negotiating with staffs or clients in the business context. Researchers and business observers have stated that social networking is the process which has changed the conventional way of making business. Many young people are working in the organizations and they have different attitude and nature in the business process. They have different perceptions over the organizational activities and procedures. Normally they are aggressive and these capabilities are far vaster than the existing experienced people. According to the Australian legislation, some guidelines must have to be maintained by the management or youth in the company at the time of using social media. Privacy issue is the biggest issue in any kind of business organization. Multiple threats can be generated at the time of using social media for the business process. It has been observed through analysis that various business issues are occurred due to the poor privacy management of an organization (Livingstone, 2008). Though multiple technological advancements have been raised, but still lots of drawbacks are also attached. Management of any organization must have to focus on these elements for ensuring the organizational performance. Employees of an organization could share their views through social media. At past employees couldnt be able to share their views and ideologies, but now employees could be able to share their views and ideas through different social media. Through this process people could be able to enhance their knowledge and concepts. This is an ideal way to enhance the skills of the staffs. On the other hand employers also need to focus on this issue by maintaini ng law and guidelines. Employers can motivate staffs and provide them guideline through social media. Online networking assumes a vital part in regular day to day existence for the vast majority of the individual in the present world (Wink, 2010). As indicated by the business sector study it can be watched that, the development from novel to normal in business is went around the outline comes to fruition 90% of associations now use internet organizing for business purposes. The nearby all inclusive use of internet systems administration for business has provoked a creating valuation for workplace threats developing out of its misuse the more that people use person to person communication for business purposes, the more noticeable the chances that the hardly recognizable contrast between individual use and business use will cloud. There has been a checked addition in the amount of associations that have executed web organizing approaches. Besides, associations have familiar measures with area the specific threats developing out of internet systems administration misuse by their speci alists, for instance, tormenting and incitement, misuse of private information and the making of criticizing comments about associations and accomplices. All of which can achieve immense reputational hurt with a tap of a backing, various years of wary and unreasonable stamping and showcasing can be undermined. One particular way administrators can use internet organizing as a channel for agent voice and corporate exchanges is to get to the base of total employment issues. By interfacing with their workforces in open, two-way (or multi-directional) talk, they can display they are being sensible and sustain the relationship with their workforces. Specialists every now and again find web organizing stages interfacing with in light of the way that they are instinctive, reasonable and fast. It is thusly a flawless channel for specialist voice, routinely showing altogether more outstanding than traditional methodologies for engaging voice, for instance, running agent surveys. Internet organizing all around is an open, digressive and dynamic channel that draws specialists into discusses their affiliations, and gated undertaking interpersonal associations give a protected spot to such online talks. Internet systems administration can support uncommonly designated correspondences and joint exertion , and ceaseless exercises, for instance, laborer representation structures. Having a prevalent organized affiliation lies at the focal point of most vocations of enormous business casual groups, yet then again is of characteristic worth in itself, as it can improve agents' working lives and invigorate their association with the affiliation. Having singular posts and also master is much of the time seen to add to this. Conclusion Security issue is the greatest issue in any sort of business association. Various dangers can be created at the season of utilizing online networking for the business procedure (Miller, 2012). It has been seen through examination that different business issues are happened because of the poor security administration of an association. In spite of the fact that different innovative progressions have been raised, yet at the same time bunches of downsides are likewise appended. Administration of any association must need to concentrate on these components for guaranteeing the authoritative execution. Workers of an association could share their perspectives through online networking. At past workers couldn't have the capacity to share their perspectives and belief systems, yet now representatives might share their perspectives and thoughts through various online networking. Through this procedure individuals might upgrade their insight and ideas. This is a perfect approach to improve the aptitudes of the staffs. Then again businesses additionally need to concentrate on this issue by keeping up law and rules. Businesses can rouse staffs and give them rule through online networking. Reference Wink, D. M. (2010). Social networking sites.Nurse Educator,35(2), 49-51. Miller, D. (2012). Social networking sites.Digital anthropology, 156-161. Dwyer, C., Hiltz, S., Passerini, K. (2007). Trust and privacy concern within social networking sites: A comparison of Facebook and MySpace.AMCIS 2007 proceedings, 339. Livingstone, S. (2008). Taking risky opportunities in youthful content creation: teenagers' use of social networking sites for intimacy, privacy and self-expression.New media society,10(3), 393-411. Lenhart, A., Madden, M. (2007).Social networking websites and teens: An overview(pp. 1-7). Pew/Internet. Roblyer, M. D., McDaniel, M., Webb, M., Herman, J., Witty, J. V. (2010). Findings on Facebook in higher education: A comparison of college faculty and student uses and perceptions of social networking sites.The Internet and higher education,13(3), 134-140. Subrahmanyam, K., Reich, S. M., Waechter, N., Espinoza, G. (2008). Online and offline social networks: Use of social networking sites by emerging adults.Journal of applied developmental psychology,29(6), 420-433. Papacharissi, Z. (Ed.). (2010).A networked self: Identity, community, and culture on social network sites. Routledge. Lin, K. Y., Lu, H. P. (2011). Why people use social networking sites: An empirical study integrating network externalities and motivation theory.Computers in Human Behavior,27(3), 1152-1161. Chu, S. C., Kim, Y. (2011). Determinants of consumer engagement in electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) in social networking sites.International journal of Advertising,30(1), 47-75. Abhyankar, A. (2011). Social Networking Sites.College Research Journal, 18-21. Hampton, K., Goulet, L. S., Rainie, L., Purcell, K. (2011). Social networking sites and our lives.Retrieved July 12, 2011 from. Rosenblum, D. (2007). What anyone can know: The privacy risks of social networking sites.IEEE Security and Privacy,5(3), 40-49. Zhang, W., Johnson, T. J., Seltzer, T., Bichard, S. L. (2009). The revolution will be networked: The influence of social networking sites on political attitudes and behavior.Social Science Computer Review. Gangadharbatla, H. (2008). Facebook me: Collective self-esteem, need to belong, and internet self-efficacy as predictors of the iGenerations attitudes toward social networking sites.Journal of interactive advertising,8(2), 5-15. Wilson, K., Fornasier, S., White, K. M. (2010). Psychological predictors of young adults' use of social networking sites.Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking,13(2), 173-177. Krmer, N. C., Winter, S. (2008). Impression management 2.0: The relationship of self-esteem, extraversion, self-efficacy, and self-presentation within social networking sites.Journal of Media Psychology,20(3), 106-116. Chen, J., Geyer, W., Dugan, C., Muller, M., Guy, I. (2009, April). Make new friends, but keep the old: recommending people on social networking sites. InProceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(pp. 201-210). ACM. Boyd, D. M., Ellison, N. B. (2012). Social network sites.Online Communication and Collaboration: A Reader. Livingstone, S., Brake, D. R. (2010). On the rapid rise of social networking sites: New findings and policy implications.Children society,24(1), 75-83.